Mycofiltration of urban derived raw stormwater using Lentinus squarrosulus
Main Article Content
Abstract
The physicochemical and microbial attributes of storm water samples prior to and after mycofiltration was determined using routine methods. The preparation of the substrate was done by supplementation of unfermented sawdust with calcium carbonate, calcium sulphate, granulated sugar and wheat offal. The mixture was allowed to undergo composting for 7 days upon which, it was inoculated with Lentinus squarrolsulus spawn and incubated at room temperature. The sample was then passed through a network of mycelia for pollutant removal. The mean TDS and EC concentrations of the raw and mycofiltered samples was 1369.8 ± 4.5 and 516.4 ± 2.9
mg/l as well as 2785.0 ± 4.2 and 1251.0 ± 5.6 µS/cm. Pb, Cu, Cd, Cr and Fe readings for the raw samples were; 0.03±0.03mg/l, 0.07±0.03 mg/l, 0.01±0.01mg/l, 0.03±0.01mg/l and 1.00±0.11mg/l. For the mycofiltered samples, the Pb, Cd and Cr were reduced to nil while Cu and Fe decreased to 0.03 ± 0.03 mg/l and 0.47± 0.09 mg/l. The difference between the mean trace metal values recorded for the raw and filtered samples was insignificant (p>0.05). The results indicated that mycofilter derived from L. squarrolsulus mycelia was capable of purifying storm water sample.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Ademoroti, C.M.A. (1996). Standard methods for water and effluent analysis. Ibadan, Foludex Press. Ltd., Ibadan, Pp. 182.
Agbaire, P. O. and Obi, C. G. (2009). Seasonal variations of some physico-chemical properties of River Ethiope Water in Abraka. Journal of
Applied Science and Environmental Management 13 (1): 55 - 57. DOI: 10.4314/jasem.v13i1.55265.
Akpaja, E. O. and Olorunfemi, D. I. (2014). Mycofiltration effectiveness in bioremediation of contaminated drinking water sources. Ife Journal of Science16 (3): 533 - 543.
Bhatnagar, A., Tamboli, E. and Mishra, A. (2021). Wastewater treatment and mycoremediation by P. ostreatus mycelium. IOP Conf. Series: Earth
Environmental Sciences, 775:1-14. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/775/1/012003.
Clary, J., Jones, J. E., Urbonas, B. R., Quigley, M. M., Strecker, E., Wagner, T. (2008). Can storm water best management practise remove
bacteria? New findings from the international storm water best management practisedatabase. Storm water magazine May /June 1-14.
Cordero R. J. and Casadevall, A. (2017). Functions of fungal melanin beyond virulence. Fungal Biology and Reviews 31 (2): 99 - 112.
DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2016.12.003.
Cappuccino G. J. and Welsh C. (2020). Microbiology: A laboratory manual. 12th Ed. Pearson Education, Inc., New Jersey, Pp. 561.
De Leon, A. M, Guinto, L. J. Z. G., De Ramos, P. D. V and Kalaw, S. P. (2017). Enriched cultivation of Lentinus squarrosulus (Mont.) Singer: A newly domesticated wild edible mushroom in the Philippines. Mycosphere, 8 (3): 615–629. DOI:10.5943/mycosphere/8/3/9.
Dirisu, A. R., Olomukoro, J. O. and Obayagbona, N. O. (2016). Physicochemical and bacteriological water quality of lotic and lentic ecosystems in
Agbede wetlands, Southern Nigeria. Ife Journal of Science, 18 (3): 683-692.
Ikechi-Nwogu, C. G., Akpaja, E. O., and Onyechere, V.U. (2020). Purification of untreated drinking water using Lentinus squarrosulus.
Mycopathologia, 18 (1): 85-88.
Ikechi-Nwogu, C. G., Akpaja, E. O., and Aruku, B. (2022). Mycofiltration potential of Lentinus squarrosulus (Mont.) Singer on fish pond effluent
in Onne, Rivers State, Nigeria. Mycopathologia,20 (1): 25-30.
Kulshreshtha, S., Mathur, N., Bhatnagar, P. and Jain, B. L. (2010). Bioremediation of industrial waste through mushroom cultivation. Journal of
Environmental Biology 31: 441 - 444.
Kunzler, M. (2018). How fungi defend themselves against microbial competitors and animal predators. PLoS Pathogen 14(9):e1007184.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1007184.
Maurya, S., Rashk, E. E., Naik, S. K., Choudhary, S. J. and Kumar, S. (2019). Heavy metals scavenging potential of Trichoderma asperellum and
Hypocea nigricans isolated from acid soil of Jharkhand. Indian Journal of Microbiology 59 (1): 27 - 38. DOI: 10.1007/s12088-018-0756-7.
Mnkandla, S. M. and Otomo, P. V. (2021). Effectiveness of mycofiltration for removal of contaminants from water: A systematic review protocol.
Environmental Evidence 10:17 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13750-021-00232-0.
Okuo, J. M., Akpaja, E. O. and Eguono, W. O. (2008). Kinetics of cadmium (II) and selenium (IV) ions removal from aqueous solution by the fruiting
bodies of white-rot fungi (Pleurotus tuberregium). Journal of Chemical Society of Nigeria, 33 (1): 56 - 64.
Paria, K., Pyne, S. and Chakraborty, S. K. (2022). Optimisation of heavy metal (lead) remedial activities of fungi Apergillus penicillioides (F12)
through extracellular substances. Chemosphere 286(3):131874.DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.021.131874.
Pinedo-Rivilla, C., Aleu, J. and Collado, I. G. (2009). Pollutants biodegradation by fungi. Current Organic Chemistry, 13(12): 1194 - 1214.
Prasad, A.S.A., Varatharaju, G., Anushri, C. and Dhivyasree, S. (2013). Biosorption of lead by Pleurotus florida and Trichoderma viride. British
Biotechnology Journal 3(1):66-78. DOI: 10.9734/BBJ/2013/2348.
Salazar-Ramirez, G., Flores-Vallejo, R. C., RiveraLevya, J. C., Tovar-Sanchez, E., SanchezReyes, A., Mena-Portales, J., SanchezCarbente, M., aitan-Rodriguez, M. F., BatistaGarcia, R. A., Villarreal, M. L., Mussali-Galante, P. and Folch-Mallol, J. L. (2020). Characterisation of fungal endophytes isolated from the metal hyperaccumulator plant Vachellia farnesiana growing in mine tailings. Microorganism,8:226;doi:10.3390/microorganis
ms8020226.
Shekhar, S., Maurya, C. and Srivastava, J. N. (2017). Remediation of wastewater using mushrooms: Pleurotus ostreatus (Oyster gill mushroom).
International Journal of Science Engineering and Research, 8 (7): 352 - 363.
Singh, J. K., Meshram, R.L. and Ramteke, D.S. (2011). Production of single cell protein and removal of chemical oxygen demand from dairy
wastewater. European Journal of Experimental Biology 1 (3): 209 - 215.
Stalter, N. (2018). When it rains, it pours: effects of stormwater runoff. Available online at www.news.climate.columbia.edu/2018/04/03/sto
rmwater-runoff--rain-flood. Accessed January 14th, 2023.
Stamets, P. (2005). Mycofiltration. Mycelium running: How mushrooms can help save the world. Tenspeed Press, Berkeley, Pp. 339.
Taylor, A., Flatt, A., Beutel, M. and Wolff, M. (2015). Removal of Escherichia coli from synthetic stormwater using mycofiltration. Ecological
Engineering,78:79-86. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2014.05.016