Glycine Betaine Enhances Growth Markers, Nutritional Quality and Antioxidant Activities in Garden Egg (Solanum aethiopicum L.) Under regulated Water Conditions
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Abstract
Mitigating the impact of water stress on crop production is a paramount concern for ensuring food security and sustaining agricultural practices. This study assessed the efficacy of four concentrations of glycine betaine (GB) (from 1 g/L to 4 g/L) on the growth, physiological responses, and nutritional quality of garden egg (Solanum aethiopicum L.). Morphological characters, leaf growth components, chlorophyll contents, nutritional compositions and antioxidants activities were determined in the vegetables. The garden egg treated with 200 mL 4g/L GB exhibited the tallest height (15.03 cm) and highest leaf number (20.25) in the well-watered garden egg. However, the application of 200 mL of 3g/L GB produced significant enhancement in the leaf area (319.14 cm²), specific leaf area (78.24 m²/kg), leaf area index (0.92 m²/m²), net assimilation rate (0.007 mg·m²/day), relative growth rate (0.12 g/m²/day), and leaf area ratio (0.10 m²/kg). Analysis of Vitamins revealed higher Vitamin A (87.66 mg/100 g), Vitamin B3 (1.21 mg/100 g), and Vitamin C (66.49 mg/100 g) in garden egg sprayed with 200 mL of 4 g L-1 GB. This treatment further induced substantial increase in sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium levels as well as dry matter, fat, ash, crude protein, and carbohydrates. Interestingly, activities of key antioxidant enzymes, including glutathione reductase, Superoxide dismutase, catalyse, glutathione s-tranferase, and ascorbate peroxidase exhibited significant increase in the roots droughted.
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