The use of microstructures in the authentication of powdered drug plants
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Adulteration and substitution of herbal drugs are trending issues in the herbal industry, posing a serious threat to commercial natural product research. The anatomy of powdered and non-powdered samples of
plant species were compared to ascertain their similarities. Air dried powdered leaf samples and unground or intact leaves, flowers and barks of eight medicinal plant species, namely, Vernonia amygdalina, Ocimum gratisimum, Trichilia monadelpha, Bridelia ferruginea, Lophira alata., Alstonia boonei, Dialium guineense and Enantia chlorantha were studied anatomically with the aim of identifying the original plant parts used in the preparation of the drugs. The microscopic studies of leaves of V.
amygdalina and O. gratisimum revealed the presence of similar stomatal complex types and trichomes in both ground and unground samples. The anatomy and palynology of T. monadelpha flower revealed that bipolar, inaperturate, monopolar, monoporate, tetracolporate and triporate pollens are present in both the ground and unground samples. The microscopic study of the barks of L. alata, B. ferruginea, A. boonei, D. guineense and E. chlorantha also showed similar cells in ground and unground samples. The anatomical features are, therefore, elucidated for authentication of the originality of the medicinal plants studied.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Abdulrahaman, A. A., Liadi, M.T., Musa, A. K., Kolawole, O. S. and Oladele, F. A.
(2013). Pollen in bee – breads as an indicator of honey source. Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 48(4): 247- 252.
Adeyemi, O. S., Akanji, M. A. and Oguntoye, S. A. (2009). Ethanolic leaf extract of
Psidium guajava: Phyto-chemical and trypanocidal activity in rats infected with Trypanosoma brucei. Journal of Medicinal Research, 3(5): 420-423
Ahlam, S. E. and Bouran, I. A. (2011). Microscopical studies on the leaf and petiole of Vernonia amygadlina Del. Advances in Applied Science Research, 2(2): 398-406.
Dilcher, D. L. (1974). Approaches to the identification of Angiosperm Leaf remains. Botanical Review, 40:1-57.
Dubey, N. K., Kumar, R. and Tripathi, P. (2004). Global promotion of herbal medicine: India’s opportunity. Current Science, 86(1): 37- 41.
Edeoga, H. O. and Osawe, I. O. (1996). Cuticular studies of some Nigerian species of Senna Tourn. ex Mill. (syn. Cassia Tourn. ex.l): Leguminosae Caesalpinoideae.
Acta Phytaxonomica Geobotanica, 47:41-46.
Gill, L. S. and Karatela, Y. Y. (1985). Epidermal morphology and stomata ontogeny
in some West African Convolulaceae species. Herba Hungarice, 24:11-17.
Gupta, A. K. (2003). Quality Standards of Indian Medicinal Plants. Indian Council of
Medical Research, New Delhi. Volume 1, Pp 262
Hemlata, V., Nil, P., Neeraj, V., Arpita, S. and Manmohan, S. (2010). Pharmagognostic, preliminary phytochemical and TlC finger. Deccan Journal of Natural Products, 1(4): 0976 – 1381.
Holetz, F. K., Veda-Nakamura, T., Filho, B. P. D., Cortez, D. A. G., Morgado-Diaz,
J. A. and Nakamura, C. V. (2003). Effects of essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum on the trypanosomatid Herpetomonassa muelpessoai. Acta Protozoological, 42: 269-276
Horrock, M., Coulson, S. A. and Walsh, K. A. J. (1999). Forensic Palynology:
Variation in the pollen content of soil on shoe soles and shoe prints in soil. Journal of Forensic Science, 44 (1): 119-122.
Ibrahim, G., Abdurahman, E. M. and Katayal, U. A. (2004). Pharmacognostic
Studies on the Leaves of Vernonia amygdalina Del. (Asteraceae). Nigerian Journal of Natural Products and Medicine, 8: 8 – 10.
Iwalokun, B. A., Gbenle, G. O., Adewole, T. A., Smith, S. L., Akinsinde, K. A. and
Omonigbehin, E. O. (2003). Effects of Ocimum gratissimum L. essential oil at subinhibitory concentrations on virulent and multidrug resistant shigella strains from Lagos Nigeria. APPMIS III, 4: 477- 488.
Kokate, C. K., Purohit, A. P. and Gokhele, S. B. (2007). Pharmacognosy. Chapter6, Edn 39, Nirali, Prakashan, pp. 97- 98.
Kotina, E. L., Van Wyk, B. E. and Tilney, P. M. (2014). Anatomy of the leaf and
bark of Warburgia salutaris (Canellaceae), an important medicinal plant from South Africa. South African Journal of Botany, 94: 177 – 181.
Kumar, A. H. S. (2005). Recent advances in assay method and techniques
preclinical safety studies on medicinal plants. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 1(2):32-37.
Mbagwe, F. N. and Edeoga, H. O. (2006). Anatomical studies on the vegetative and floral morphology of some Vignasavi species (Leguminosae-Papilionoidaea).
Agricultural Journal, 1: 8-10.
Menon, P. (2003). Conservation and consumption. A study on the Crude
Drug Trade in threatened medicinal plant in Thiruvananthapuram District, Kerala. Kerala Research Programme on Local Development, Community Development Society. Trivandrum. Pp 39.
Metcalfe, C. R. and Chalk, L. (1988). Anatomy of Dicotyledon (2nd Ed). Oxford
University Press, Oxford, Pp. 97- 117.
Mitra, S. K. and Kannan, R. (2007). A note on unintentional adulterations in
ayurvedic herbs. Ethnobotanical Leaflets, 11: 11- 15.
Mukherjee, P. K. (2002). Quality Control of Herbal Drugs. Edn 1, Business
Horizons, New Delhi, pp. 113-117.
Ngossoum, M. B., Ngang, J. J., Tatsadjieu, L. N., Jirovetz, L., Buchbauer, G. and
Adjoudji, O. (2003). Antimicrobial study of essential oils of Ocimum gratissimum leaves and Zanthoxylum xanthoxylides fruits from Cameroun. Fitoterapia, 74 (3):
- 287
Okwu, D. E. (1999). Flavoring properties of spices on cassava fufu. Africa Journal Root Tuber Crops, 3(2): 19- 21.
Opara, I. (2004). The efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicines. British Journal of Nutrition, 91: 171
Pacheco-Silva, N. V. and Donato, A. M. (2016). Morpho-anatomy of the leaf of
Myrciaria glomerata. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 26(3): 275 – 280.
Saraswathy, A. (2001). Adulterants and substitutes in Ayurveda. Sachitra Ayurved, 54(1): 63 66.
Silvia, N., Reethika, P., Snehitha, N. and Bhagya, L. P. (2015). Pharmacognostic Study of Callistemon citrinus L. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 7 (1): 427-430
Sofowora, A. (1982). Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine in Africa. John
Wiley and Sons Ltd. Chichester, New York, pp. 1-50.
Springfield, E. P., Eagles, P. K. F. and Scott, G. (2005). Quality assessment of South African hertbal medicines by means of HPLC fingerprinting. Journal of Ethnobotany, 101(1-3): 75-83.
Tewari, N.N. (1991). Some crude drugs: source, substitute and adulterant with special reference to KTM crude drug market. Sachitra Ayurved, 44(4):284-290.
World Health Organization (WHO). (2000). Quality Control Methods for Medicinal Plant materials. England. Pp 122