Screening of Rice Genotypes for Adaptability to Ferruginous Ultisol using Morphological, Physiological and Molecular Makers
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Abstract
Rice production in many tropical regions is constrained by ferruginous ultisol soils characterized by high iron toxicity and poor nutrient availability, which negatively affect plant growth and productivity. Despite the prevalence of ferruginous soils in many rice-growing regions. Limited information exists on the adaptability and growth performance of different rice genotypes under such soil conditions. Therefore, this study evaluated 10 rice genotypes cultivated in ferruginous ultisol soils to identify varieties with superior adaptability based on morphological, physiological and molecular characteristics in Delta and Edo States, Nigeria. The selected genotypes were commonly grown in the region and were obtained from the Delta Agricultural Procurement Agency, Ibusa, Delta State. Rice seeds were grown for 17 weeks. Germination percentage, morphometric and biomass parameters of all the rice genotypes were assessed. Results revealed that FARO 60 consistently outperformed other genotypes in yield-related traits, including leaf number, leaf area and fresh leaf weight in ferruginous ultisol condition. Molecular analysis using PCR revealed that FARO 60 contained both GN1a and GS2 marker genes associated with improved grain yield and plant architecture. These findings underscore the significance of genotype selection for boosting rice productivity in nutrient-deficient soils and establish FARO 60 as a promising genotype for cultivation in ferruginous ultisols of Southern Nigeria. The results have broad implications for rice breeding initiatives focused on sustainability and food security in sub-Saharan Africa.
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