Molecular Characterization of Plastic Bio-Degrading Bacteria Isolated from River Ethiope Molecular Characterization of Plastic Bio-Degrading Bacteria
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Abstract
Plastic pollution is a global problem worsened by the widespread use and durability of plastics, affecting all levels of life. Many African nations, including Nigeria have initiated policies to reduce plastic pollution. This study investigates plastic biodegrading bacteria isolated from water and sediment samples collected from five locations (Umege, Urhouka, Ekrejeta, Oko-erire, Urhouvie) along river Ethiope in June 2023. Physicochemical analyses assessed parameters such as pH, total solids (TS), total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrate, sulphate and selected heavy metals, additionally, DNA extracted from pure cultures of isolated bacteria were amplified with RAPD-PCR using primer OPA07 and selected molecularly identified isolates monitored for biodegradation of different plastic densities over a 35day period. Physicochemical results indicated water and sediment pH ranged from 5.3 to 5.9 and 5.8 to 6.4 respectively, with detectable levels of copper, iron and zinc while cadmium and lead were undetected in water samples. Random amplified polymorphic DNA-Polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) analysis revealed seven clades, of the thirty-one bacteria isolates, seven (22.58%) were putatively identified via 16S rRNA sequencing as Enterobacter bugandensis, Lysinibacillus cresolivorans, Kosakonia pseudosacchari, Bacillus weidmannii, Lysinibacillus sphaericus, Bacillus tropicus and Lysinibacillus tabacifolli demonstrated plastic degrading capabilities with Bacillus tropicus being the most effective. Further research could uncover innovative bioremediation strategies and identify additional plastic-degrading microorganisms from diverse genera or strains, aimed at combating and potentially eradicating plastic pollution globally.
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