Evaluation of Phytochemical and Antioxidant Properties of Musa Sapientum (Banana)

Abstract

In Northwestern Nigeria, Musa Sapientum (banana leaves) are often underutilized, being regarded primarily as waste or animal feed. This study was therefore conducted to investigate their phytochemical composition and antioxidant properties. The leaves were air-dried, powdered, and extracted using methanol. Standard analytical methods were employed for both qualitative and quantitative assessments. The qualitative phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponins, glycosides, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, steroids, saponin glycosides, balsams, and volatile oils in varying concentrations. Cardiac glycosides were identified at high levels, while saponins, glycosides, tannins, saponin glycosides, and alkaloids were present in moderate concentrations. Balsams were identified in trace amounts. Quantitative phytochemical analysis showed flavonoids (2.15 mg/g), tannins (3.8 mg/g), alkaloids (8.5 mg/g), and saponins (3.3 mg/g). Additionally, the quantitative determination of antioxidant vitamins revealed concentrations of Vitamin A (4.93 mg/dl), Vitamin E (3.8 mg/dl), and Vitamin C (6.2 mg/dl), with Vitamin C being the most abundant. These findings highlight the potential of M. Sapientum leaves as a valuable dietary supplement and underscore their promise as a natural resource for developing innovative nutraceutical and pharmaceutical products.