Bioethanol Production by Consolidated Bioprocessing and Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation of Sorghum Flour Using Pichia and Meyerozyma guilliermondii Strains
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Abstract
The urgent need for renewable energy sources worldwide has heightened due to worries about climate change, energy security, and the limited supply of fossil fuels, necessitating the need for other sustainable substitute such as bioethanol. This study is aimed at applying consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) processes for bioethanol production from sorghum flour using Pichia and Meyerozyma guilliermondii strains. Sorghum grains, purchased from a local market were ground to flour using an industrial grinding machine, while Pichia strains were obtained from a stock culture and M. guilliermondii, isolated from fresh palm wine and characterised. Also, about 1.6kg of corn grains were subjected to malting to produce alpha-amylase. The obtained amylase was partially purified using 80 % ammonium sulphate saturation followed by dialysis yielding a specific activity of 23.22 U/mg and total protein of 0.9098 mg/ml. The partially purified enzyme upon characterization was found to act optimally at a pH of 5.0, temperature of 50 oC with a Km and Vmax values of 0.0024 mM-1 and 2400 U-1 respectively. The obtained enzyme was further employed in CBP and SSF for bioethanol production. The fermentation was carried out for 7 days and fermentation parameters were estimated using appropriate formula. The results showed that SSF of Meyerozyma guilliermondii exhibited maximum bioethanol yield of 0.274g/g with fermentation efficiency of 53.62 % after 4 days of fermentation, while CBP exhibited 0.177g/g of bioethanol with fermentation efficiency of 34.64 % after 2 days. CBP and SSF of Pichia strain Y exhibited 0.192g/g and 0.135g/g bioethanol yield with a 37.57% and 26.42% fermentation efficiency after a day respectively, while CBP of Pichia strain Z exhibited 0.142g/g bioethanol yield with 27.79% fermentation efficiency after 2 days, and SSF exhibited 0.140g/g bioethanol with fermentation efficiency of 27.40% after a day. From the results, M. guilliermondii efficiently utilised sorghum flour for bioethanol production and demonstrated more tolerance to elevated levels of glucose and ethanol when compared to Pichia strains. Effective utilisation of these optimised conditions could play significant roles in efficient use of these organism for industrial production of bioethanol.
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