Comparative effect of aqueous extract of mango leaves (Mangifera indica) and glibenclamide® on physiological indices of Wistar Rats induced with type II diabetes
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Abstract
The high cost and side effects of synthetic antidiabetic agents necessitate exploring affordable plant-based alternatives. Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae) leaves are traditionally used for their antidiabetic properties. The objective of the study was to comparatively evaluate the effects of aqueous extract of M. indica leaves and glibenclamide on body weight, blood glucose, liver function enzymes, and hematological indices in alloxan-induced diabetic male Wistar rats. Acute oral toxicity was assessed using the OECD 425 guideline in mice (n=5). Diabetes was induced in 30 male Wistar rats by single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg). Diabetic rats (fasting blood glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL) were divided into five groups (n=6): Group I (diabetic control, distilled water), Groups II–IV (M. indica extract at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg b.worally), and Group V (glibenclamide 5 mg/kg b.worally). A sixth group (n=6) served as non-diabetic normal control. Treatment lasted 28 days. The oral LD₅₀ of M. indica aqueous extract exceeded 5000 mg/kg, indicating wide safety margin. M. indica extract at 200 and 400 mg/kg b.wsignificantly (p < 0.05) reduced fasting blood glucose compared to the diabetic control, with the 400 mg/kg b.wdose showing comparable efficacy to glibenclamide by day 28. Unlike glibenclamide, which caused progressive weight gain, M. indica-treated rats maintained stable body weight. Both M. indica (200 and 400 mg/kg) and glibenclamide significantly (p < 0.05) restored altered hematological parameters (PCV, RBC, Hb) and reduced elevated liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP) toward normal levels. Aqueous extract of M. indica leaves demonstrates dose-dependent antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, and hematological restorative effects comparable to glibenclamide, with the advantage of weight neutrality. These findings support its potential as an affordable alternative adjunct in diabetes management.
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