Effect of Therapeutic Caffeine Doses on the Histology of Lung Tissue in Experimental Animal Models
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Abstract
Caffeine is a widely used stimulant found in coffee and tea, mostly consumed as a beverage for alertness and enhanced intellectual performance but in excess can lead to dysfunction in normal body metabolism and toxicity on body organs. The Study evaluated the potential effect of caffeine as a specific pulmonary toxicant on the histological status in adult Wistar rat. Twenty rats were assigned into four groups at random. The standard control group, Group A, did not receive any caffeine. The caffeine-intoxicated groups B, C, and D received doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight respectively. For twenty-one days, animals in groups B–D were given caffeine orally every day. The oral treatment continued for twenty-one days. The rats were humanly sacrificed on day twenty-two, and their lungs were carefully removed, weighed, and preserved in 10% formal saline for histological analysis. Data were presented as mean ± SEM, and one-way ANOVA was used to determine statistical significance at p < 0.05. The results showed a significant increase (p < 0.0) in body weight and lungs weight when compare to the control group. Histological slides of caffeine intoxicated rats showed histopathological changes, including alveolar congestion, dilated terminal bronchiole, activated mononuclear phagocyte cell, and inflammatory cell infiltration. These damages increase in severity with ascending doses of caffeine across the groups. The results obtained from this study suggest that caffeine induces lungs toxicity in ascending manner of dose-dependent pattern in adult Wistar rats.
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